In the 6th lunar month of the Gyeongin year (1650), the 7th year of the Shunzhi era, a gwaebul painting was produced and enshrined at Gapsa Temple. Bak Eung-se and spouse, who made a substantial donation of materials The yeongga*(soul) of Haenghwa, who made a substantial donation of materials Eotchun, who alone donated many pieces of cloth for use as a support material for the Buddhist painting(batang*) Sim Hun-se and spouse, who made a great volume of donations without any conditions Monk Gyesun, who donated a great volume of goods to be used by the public Bak Ui-nam and spouse, who donated a great volume of goods be used by the public Choe Gae-geum and spouse, who made a great volume of donations without any conditions Kim Sam-gwi and spouse, who made a substantial donation of materials Jeong Ryeong and spouse, who made a substantial donation of materials Kim Ssang-yeon and spouse, who donated gold leaf Mun Gyeong-su and spouse, who donated a considerable amount of vermilion pigment Kim Deuk-ryong and spouse, who donated many pieces of hoejang*(thin decorative edges of a different color on a table cover or scroll) Monk Sanggyun, who donated many yeongnak*(ornaments made of long strings of beads) Kwon Yeol and spouse, who donated a considerable amount of medium-blue pigment Choe Geom-san and spouse, who donated goods for public use Monk Singyun, who made a substantial donation of materials Kim Yun-saeng and spouse and Kim Su-saeng and spouse, all of whom made a substantial donation of materials Monk Jisun, who donated many hyangdae*(pouches for containing deposited votive objects) Eom Bong-han and spouse, Kim Dol-muchi and spouse, and Mun Bong-se and spouse, all of whom made a substantial donation of materials Kim Su-hui and spouse, Samchun (alone), and Kim Bong-sin and spouse, all of whom made a substantial donation of materials Kim I-gyeong and spouse, Kim San-i and spouse, Choi I-rip and spouse, and Jeong Gap-I and spouse, all of whom made a substantial donation of materials Monk Inho, Kim Seung-bok and spouse, and Kim Jin-i and spouse, all of whom made a substantial donation of materials Kang Ui-cheol and spouse, Hwang Yeong-sun and spouse, Chae Deuk-ryong and spouse, Ilhan (alone), and Yi Ya-oe and spouse, all of whom donated many pieces of cloth for use as a support material for the Buddhist painting Jo Deok-rip and spouse, who donated a considerable amount of medium-blue pigment Seo Chun-nam and spouse, Bak Jin-hyeon and spouse, and Yi Deok-bang and spouse, all of whom donated deep green pigment Song Yu-gil and spouse, who donated hoejang*(thin decorative edges of a different color on a table cover or scroll) Monk Haengeun and Ssitdeok and spouse, all of whom donated traditional red organic pigment Bak Nyeon-bok and spouse, who donated a great amount of glue The yeongga*(soul) of Cheon Yeon-geum, who donated a great volume of fish-based glue Yim Gye-saeng and spouse, Kim Gwi-san and spouse, Jo Gye-saeng and spouse, all of whom donated high-quality ink Bak Deok-bok and spouse and Kim Nam-i and spouse, all of whom donated blocks of fermented soybeans Bak Su and spouse, who donated a ring for the gwaebul painting Gyeongsaeng, who alone donated a lamp for lighting in front of the Buddha Yun Seung-nam and spouse, who donated a round mirror Monk Deokrim, who donated a case for the gwaebul painting Myeongi (alone), Chamyeong, and Yi Jeong-yeol and spouse, all of whom donated votive objects to be deposited Those who donated bowls for pigments are Jo Ryong and spouse, Yi Hwan (who holds the rank of Tongjeong daebu* and is a high-level official in the Office of Ministers without Portfolio (Jungchubu) and his wife, Bak Yeon-hak and spouse, and Choe Geom-san (who holds the rank of Tongjeong daebu*) and his wife. Yi Deok-palo and spouse, who donated a fine brush Jang San and spouse, who donated _____ Monks who excelled in virtue and practiced asceticism at the temple for a long time Monk Seongyeong, Monk Unhwa, Monk Sinhwi, Monk Hoehae, Monk Hyemyeong, Monk Myoeom, Monk Gyesun, Monk Seungu, Monk Huiun, Monk Inil, Monk Wonu, Monk Insu, Monk Gyeyun, Monk Sangun Monk Gyeonghwan, who was responsible for overseeing all the affairs at the temple Monk Okjeong, who assumed three managing of operating positions Monk Jongim, who assisted the head monk and assumed clerical duties Monk Seongbo, who assumed the task of overseeing discipline and the rules of the temple Monk Cheoryun, who managed the incense, offerings, and more at the Buddhist altars Monk Ssangsun, Monk Hakrim, Monk Ssangryun, Monk Jieun, Monk Sajeong, Monk Hongjin, Monk Jisun, Monk Hongha Those who supported the Buddhist project Monk Sinmae of great wisdom and eminent virtue, living in the mountains, who examined whether the Buddhist project was performed properly Monk Sinun, who managed the incense, offerings, and more at the Buddhist altars Monk Jeonghwa, who solicited donations by encouraging donors People who produced the gwaebul painting Monk Gyeongjam, Monk Haengun, Monk Suhyeon, Monk Eungyeol, Monk Haemyeong, Monk Hakneung, Monk Dowon Monk Eungcheon and Monk Sineom, both of whom served as a carpenter People who participated in the Buddhist project Monk Ilhaeng, who supervised affairs in the kitchen compound Monk Jijak, Monk Ryuchan, and Monk Haengsun, all of whom procured goods to be used by the public Monk Cheongnul, who served as a liaison in and outside the temple The cheongsin geosa*(layman who believes in Buddhism) Oh Eung-bang, who collected a substantial amount of donations Seongil wrote [all the above] in reverence. 【Ink inscription on cotton attached on the upper edge of the painting】 May [they] be prosperous, wealthy, reach a high rank, and live luxuriously. Seven statues were enshrined in reverence at the upper altar of the Daeungjeon Hall in Gapsa Temple. It was in the 1st lunar month of the Jeongmyo year (1866), the 5th year of the Tongzhi era. 【Record on repairs attached to hubaeji*(backing paper)】 A gwaebul painting for Gapsa Temple was completed by attaching backing paper on the 27th day of the 3rd lunar month of 1711, which was the 36th year of the Qianlong era and the 3rd Sinmyo year, counted from the time when the Chongzhen era began to be used. People who made considerable donations of materials Monk Damin, Monk Cheoseon, Monk Deokjam, Monk Myeonghyeon, Monk Cheongryeon, Monk Myeongan, Monk Oksun, Monk Wigwan, Monk Saik, Monk Yeongjun, Monk Kwaechong, Monk Myeongseon, Monk Hakseon, Monk Jamin, Monk Cheonsim Monks who excelled in virtue and practiced asceticism for a long time The sanin* Inmae Sukdam, Chwidam, and Neungsuk, all of whom excelled in virtue and practiced asceticism for a long time People who participated in the Buddhist project Monk Seungyeol, who examined whether the Buddhist project was performed properly Monk Chian, who recited mantras Kwaeseong and Beopjing, both of whom produced the gwaebul painting Hakchong and Taegyu, both of whom managed the incense, offerings, and more for the Buddhist altars Jeongtan, who procured goods to be used by the public Chian, who was in charge of enforcing disciplines at the temple Wigwan, who supervised affairs in the kitchen compound Damin and Seungyeol, both of whom gathered a large amount of material donations Chetan, who held the post of Seungtong* at the time Beopneung, who assumed the task of representing and leading the public at the temple Jongbong, who was in charge of receiving guests Cheonsim, who assisted the head monk and performed clerical work May each of them always be healthy and live in blessings for a long time. Buddhist project for repairing the gwaebul painting People who participated in the Buddhist project Monk Seo Gyeong-bo, who examined whether the Buddhist project was being performed properly Monk Yi Cheong-hun, who was responsible for overseeing all the affairs at the temple The geosa* Jeong Gyu-jin, who produced the gwaebul painting Monk Kim Wol-do, who served as a general manager Monk Gong Seong-gak, who served as a catechist Monk Yi Wol-jeo, who served as a treasurer All the devotees of Gapsa Temple Gapsa Temple on Gyeryongsan Mountain in August of the Byeongjin year (1976), the year 2520 of the Buddhist era Glossary of Gwaebul Inscriptions * yeongga 靈駕: The soul of the deceased * batang 婆幀/基布: Cloth used as a support material for a Buddhist painting * hoejang 回裝: A thin decorative edge of a different color on a table cover or scroll * yeongnak 珞瓔: An ornament made of long strings of beads * hyangdae 香臺: A pouch for containing bokjang (deposited votive objects) * tongjeong daebu 通政大夫: The third senior rank of a civil official during the Joseon Dynasty * geosa 居士/淸信居士: A term referring to a male who has not become a Buddhist monk * hubaeji 後排紙: A backing paper pasted on the reverse of a Buddhist painting to fix its support material * sanin 山人: A monk who joined the sangha (monastic communities) in Buddhism * seungtong 僧統: A clerical position for superintending the Buddhist community and monks